Urology
Recurrent Kidney Stones
Stone analysis + 24h urine collection + metabolic workup; lifestyle + targeted therapy by stone type.
Source: BAUS; EAU
Step 1 of ~3
info
Workup
Recurrent (≥2 stones): metabolic evaluation indicated.
Stone analysis (most important): retrieve passed stone for crystal analysis.
Stone types: calcium oxalate (~70%), calcium phosphate (~15%), uric acid (10%), struvite (5%), cystine (1%), drug-induced.
Metabolic workup:
• Bloods: U&E, calcium, phosphate, urate, PTH, TSH.
• 24h urinary collection × 2: volume, calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid, sodium, magnesium, pH, cystine, creatinine.
• Imaging: USS / CT KUB.
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
Drugs
- Sodium Bicarbonate · Alkali Therapy (Metabolic Acidosis / CKD-Related Acidosis)
- Lutetium-177 PSMA-617 · PSMA-Targeted Radioligand Therapy
- Trimetazidine · Metabolic Anti-Anginal
- Inclisiran · PCSK9-targeted siRNA
- L-Carnitine · Antidote / Metabolic Agent
- Estradiol (HRT — Hormone Replacement Therapy) · Oestrogen Replacement Therapy
Decision support only. Always apply local guidelines and clinical judgement.