Urology Pathways

Visible and non-visible haematuria investigation pathway — 2WW vs routine

Management of acute urinary retention — catheterisation, alpha-blocker trial, and TWOC

CT KUB, stone size decision, and medical expulsive therapy for renal colic

PSA interpretation, prostate MRI, and biopsy pathway for suspected prostate cancer

LUTS workup; lifestyle + medical (alpha-blocker, 5-α-reductase) → surgical (TURP / HoLEP / Rezum / UroLift).

Cardiovascular risk marker; lifestyle + PDE5 inhibitors → second-line.

Painless testicular lump in young man; USS + tumour markers; orchiectomy; high cure rate.

All UTI in men is complicated; longer antibiotic courses; investigate underlying cause.

Often incidental; nephrectomy / partial / ablation; targeted therapy + immunotherapy in advanced.

Phimosis: conservative + topical steroid + circumcision. Paraphimosis: emergency reduction.

Persistent painful erection >4h — distinguish ischaemic (low-flow, emergency) vs non-ischaemic.

Stone analysis + 24h urine collection + metabolic workup; lifestyle + targeted therapy by stone type.

LUTS + recurrent UTI; uroflowmetry + retrograde urethrogram; dilatation / urethrotomy / urethroplasty.

Painless visible haematuria → 2WW; cystoscopy + CT urogram; TURBT + intravesical / cystectomy.