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Emergency MedicineAnaesthesia & ICU

Drowning / Submersion Injury

ERC 2021 — primary respiratory pathology, in-water rescue breaths, modified ALS, no role for routine c-spine immobilisation.

Source: ERC 2021 Drowning

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Initial Assessment

Drowning is primarily a respiratory emergency. Pull from water as soon as safe; horizontal position not required. Ventilation is priority — give 5 rescue breaths before chest compressions (oxygen-deficiency arrest). Routine cervical spine immobilisation not indicated unless clear mechanism of injury (diving, fall from height, alcohol).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.

Decision support only. Always apply local guidelines and clinical judgement.