Vascular Pathways

ABPI, claudication management, and critical limb-threatening ischaemia pathway

Symptomatic carotid stenosis — timing and method of carotid endarterectomy or stenting

CEAP classification, duplex assessment, and treatment options for varicose veins

Differentiation from arterial ulcers, compression therapy, and wound management

NHS AAA screening; size + symptoms determine repair (EVAR / open); rupture is surgical emergency.

Wells score + D-dimer + Doppler USS; anticoagulate; investigate provoking factor; thrombophilia + cancer screen if indicated.

Smoker + young-onset distal limb ischaemia; smoking cessation only effective treatment; supportive care.

Distinguish primary (genetic) from secondary (cancer, surgery, radiotherapy, infection); compression + skin care + manual lymphatic drainage.

Triphasic colour change (white-blue-red); distinguish primary (idiopathic) vs secondary (autoimmune); CCB first-line.

Pre-emptive AVF creation; recognise complications (thrombosis, infection, steal, aneurysm); urgent referral.

Rest pain / non-healing ulcer / gangrene; ankle-brachial index; angiography; revascularisation (bypass / endovascular) or amputation.

Proximal subclavian stenosis → reverse flow in vertebral artery during arm exertion → posterior circulation symptoms.

Post-prandial abdominal pain + weight loss + 'food fear' in atherosclerotic patient; CT angiography; revascularisation.

Vascular component of diabetic foot disease; assess perfusion (ABPI / TBPI / TcPO₂); revascularisation for ischaemic ulcer / limb-threatening.