Haematology
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia — Presentation
Recognise pancytopenia + blasts + lymphadenopathy / mediastinal mass, urgent referral, induction chemotherapy.
Source: BSH 2021; NCCN
Step 1 of ~4
info
Recognise
Most common in children but bimodal (peak childhood + after age 50). Symptoms: fatigue, pallor, fever, easy bruising, bone/joint pain, recurrent infections, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, mediastinal mass (T-cell ALL — SVCO, dyspnoea), CNS involvement (headache, cranial nerve palsy, meningism), testicular enlargement.
Bloods: FBC (pancytopenia or ↑ WCC with blasts on film), peripheral blood film, U&E, LFTs, urate, LDH, calcium, phosphate (TLS risk), coag, fibrinogen, group + save, virology (HIV, HBV, HCV, EBV, CMV).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
Drugs
- Propofol · Anaesthetic (IV Induction / Sedation)
- Thiopental Sodium · Barbiturate Induction Agent
- Etomidate · Imidazole Induction Agent
- Glyceryl Trinitrate (Sublingual / IV) · Nitrate / Acute Angina
- Dobutamine (Acute HF / Stress Echo) · Inotrope / Acute Heart Failure
- Milrinone · Inodilator / Acute Heart Failure
Pathways
- Major Haemorrhage / Massive Transfusion · BCSH; RCOA; RCEM; RCS — BCSH Guidelines
- Anaemia Investigation · BSH / NICE
- Splenomegaly Workup · BSH; BMJ Best Practice
- Deep Vein Thrombosis Diagnosis and Treatment · NICE CG144 / NICE NG158
- Sickle Cell Crisis · BSH 2021 / BCSH
- Neutropenic Sepsis · NICE CG151 2012 / ESMO
Decision support only. Always apply local guidelines and clinical judgement.