Geriatrics
Sarcopenia / Nutritional Decline
EWGSOP-2 — assess muscle strength + mass + function, address protein intake, resistance exercise, treat cause.
Source: EWGSOP-2 (2019)
Step 1 of ~2
info
Recognise + Workup
Sarcopenia: progressive + generalised loss of skeletal muscle mass + strength + function. EWGSOP-2:
• Find: SARC-F questionnaire (≥4 = at risk).
• Assess: muscle strength (grip <27 kg M / <16 kg F; chair stand >15s for 5 stands).
• Confirm: muscle quantity (DEXA / BIA appendicular skeletal muscle index <7.0 M / <5.5 F).
• Severity: physical function (gait speed <0.8 m/s; SPPB <8; TUG >20s).
Workup for cause: chronic illness, inflammation, hormonal (testosterone, vitamin D), neurological, malabsorption.
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
Drugs
- Dairy products · Nutritional source (calcium, protein, vitamin D)
- Ketoanalogues of Essential Amino Acids · CKD — Nutritional Supplement (Very Low Protein Diet)
- Dantrolene sodium · Skeletal muscle relaxant (RyR1 inhibitor)
- Baclofen · GABA-B Receptor Agonist (Muscle Relaxant / Antispastic)
- Enteral feeds · Nutritional support
- Peppermint Oil · Antispasmodic (Natural — Calcium Channel Blocker in Intestinal Smooth Muscle)
Pathways
- Falls Assessment in Older Adults · NICE CG161 2013
- Delirium Outside ICU · NICE CG103
- Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) · BGS / NICE
- Delirium Assessment and Management · NICE CG103 2010
- Frailty Recognition and Management · BGS Frailty Framework / NHS NHSE
- Polypharmacy and Medicines Optimisation · STOPP/START v2 2014 / NICE NG5
Decision support only. Always apply local guidelines and clinical judgement.