CardiologyCardiothoracic Surgery
Acute Valvular Emergency
Severe acute aortic regurgitation, severe acute mitral regurgitation, decompensated severe aortic stenosis — recognition and urgent surgical pathway.
Source: ESC 2021 Valvular HD; AHA/ACC 2020
Step 1 of ~6
info
Recognise — Acute vs Chronic
Acute valve dysfunction overwhelms unconditioned chambers — rapid pulmonary oedema and shock. Causes: endocarditis, aortic dissection (acute AR), papillary muscle rupture (acute MR post-MI), prosthetic dysfunction/thrombosis, trauma.
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
Drugs
- Sodium Nitroprusside · Direct Vasodilator (NO Donor) — Hypertensive Emergency / Aortic Dissection
- Tranexamic Acid (ICU/Trauma/Surgical) · Antifibrinolytic
- Labetalol (IV — Hypertensive Emergency) · Combined Alpha-1 and Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
- Methylene Blue · Guanylate Cyclase / Nitric Oxide Pathway Inhibitor
- Glyceryl Trinitrate (Sublingual / IV) · Nitrate / Acute Angina
- Dobutamine (Acute HF / Stress Echo) · Inotrope / Acute Heart Failure
Pathways
- Acute Heart Failure · ESC 2021 Heart Failure Guidelines; NICE NG106
- NSTEMI / Unstable Angina · ESC 2020 NSTEMI Guidelines; NICE NG185
- New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation · ESC 2020 AF Guidelines; NICE NG196
- Hypertensive Emergency · ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertension Guidelines; NICE NG136
- Bradycardia Management · Resuscitation Council UK ABCDE; ESC 2021 Pacing Guidelines
- Ventricular Tachycardia / Fibrillation · Resuscitation Council UK ACLS; ESC 2022 Ventricular Arrhythmia Guidelines
Decision support only. Always apply local guidelines and clinical judgement.