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Multi-Targeted TKI (VEGFR2, MET, AXL, RET) Pregnancy: Cabozantinib should not be used during pregnancy unless the clinical condition of the woman requires treatment; animal studies have shown embryo-foetal and teratogenic effects. Women of childbearing potential, and female partners of male patients, must avoid pregnancy; effective contraception should be used by male and female patients and their partners during therapy and for at least 4 months after completing therapy (oral contraceptives should be combined with a barrier method). Mothers should discontinue breast-feeding during treatment and for at least 4 months after completing therapy.

Cabozantinib

Brand names: Cabometyx, Cometriq

Cabozantinib is an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in oncology, including advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Auto-extracted from the source labelling — not yet independently clinician-verified. These values were distilled from the UK SPC (or the US label where noted) but have not had a clinician sign-off. Confirm against the current SmPC before prescribing.

Adult dose

Dose: 60 mg
Route: Oral — tablets should be swallowed whole and not crushed; patients should not eat anything for at least 2 hours before through 1 hour after taking the dose
Frequency: Once daily; treatment should continue until the patient is no longer clinically benefiting from therapy or until unacceptable toxicity occurs
MONOTHERAPY: 60 mg once daily is the SPC dose for RCC, HCC, DTC and NET. IN COMBINATION WITH NIVOLUMAB (first-line advanced RCC): the recommended dose of cabozantinib is 40 mg once daily, given with nivolumab solution for infusion intravenously at either 240 mg every 2 weeks or 480 mg every 4 weeks, or with nivolumab solution for injection subcutaneously at either 600 mg every 2 weeks or 1200 mg every 4 weeks; treatment continues until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, and nivolumab is continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or up to 24 months in patients without disease progression (refer to the nivolumab SmPC). FORMULATION WARNING: cabozantinib tablets and cabozantinib capsules are not bioequivalent and should not be used interchangeably. DOSE REDUCTION: in monotherapy reduce to 40 mg daily, then to 20 mg daily; in combination with nivolumab reduce to 20 mg once daily, then to 20 mg every other day. Dose interruptions are recommended for CTCAE grade 3 or greater toxicities or intolerable grade 2 toxicities. MISSED DOSE: the missed dose should not be taken if it is less than 12 hours before the next dose. HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT: mild — no dose adjustment required; moderate (Child-Pugh B) — only limited data, no dosing recommendation can be provided, close safety monitoring recommended; severe (Child-Pugh C) — not recommended. ELDERLY: no specific dose adjustment for patients aged 65 years and over. PAEDIATRIC: safety and efficacy in children and adolescents aged under 18 years have not yet been established and no recommendation on a posology can be made. SOURCE NOTE: eMC §4.4 and §4.8 are truncated at the source-fetch limit and no eMC §4.5 interactions section was retrieved; interaction entries below come from eMC §4.2 and, where tagged, the US prescribing information in the same bundle (US COMETRIQ capsules carry a different 140 mg once-daily regimen for a different indication and formulation — do not apply it to these tablets).

Dose adjustments

Renal

Cabozantinib should be used with caution in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment; it is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment as safety and efficacy have not been established in this population.

Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients

Side effects

  • Diarrhoea
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea and decreased appetite
  • Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome (PPES)
  • Hypertension and haemorrhage
  • Anaemia and thrombocytopenia (very common); hypothyroidism; electrolyte disturbance (hypomagnesaemia, hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypoalbuminaemia)

Interactions

  • Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors — should be used with caution; selection of an alternative concomitant medicinal product with no or minimal potential to inhibit CYP3A4 should be considered (eMC §4.2)
  • Strong CYP3A4 inducers — chronic use of concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided (eMC §4.2)
  • Grapefruit, grapefruit juice and nutritional supplements known to inhibit cytochrome P450 — avoid ingestion during treatment (US label §7.1)
  • Nivolumab — when given in combination, higher frequencies of Grade 3 and 4 ALT and AST elevations have been reported relative to cabozantinib monotherapy; monitor liver enzymes before and periodically throughout treatment (eMC §4.4)

Clinical monograph

How it works

It inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumour growth and angiogenesis, including VEGFR, MET and AXL, thereby reducing tumour proliferation and blood supply.

Prescribing in practice

  • Can cause serious haemorrhage, gastrointestinal perforation and fistula, so it should be stopped before planned surgery and in patients with severe bleeding.
  • Hypertension, palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia, diarrhoea and wound-healing complications are common and may need dose modification.
  • Avoid taking with food and separate from strong CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors as advised.

Monitoring

Monitor blood pressure, liver function, thyroid function and for proteinuria and gastrointestinal or bleeding complications during treatment.

Counselling the patient

  • Take on an empty stomach and avoid grapefruit.
  • Report severe diarrhoea, painful hands or feet, bleeding or uncontrolled high blood pressure, and tell your team before any surgery or dental procedure.

Evidence & guidelines

Use in advanced renal cell carcinoma is supported by randomised trial evidence and NICE technology appraisal guidance.

Reference: CABOSUN trial (Choueiri et al. NEJM 2016); METEOR trial (Choueiri et al. NEJM 2015); CheckMate 9ER (Choueiri et al. NEJM 2021); NICE TA661; MHRA SPC Cabometyx; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.