Cabozantinib
Brand names: Cabometyx, Cometriq
Cabozantinib is an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in oncology, including advanced renal cell carcinoma.
Adult dose
Dose adjustments
Cabozantinib should be used with caution in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment; it is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment as safety and efficacy have not been established in this population.
Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients
Side effects
- Diarrhoea
- Fatigue
- Nausea and decreased appetite
- Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome (PPES)
- Hypertension and haemorrhage
- Anaemia and thrombocytopenia (very common); hypothyroidism; electrolyte disturbance (hypomagnesaemia, hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypoalbuminaemia)
Interactions
- Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors — should be used with caution; selection of an alternative concomitant medicinal product with no or minimal potential to inhibit CYP3A4 should be considered (eMC §4.2)
- Strong CYP3A4 inducers — chronic use of concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided (eMC §4.2)
- Grapefruit, grapefruit juice and nutritional supplements known to inhibit cytochrome P450 — avoid ingestion during treatment (US label §7.1)
- Nivolumab — when given in combination, higher frequencies of Grade 3 and 4 ALT and AST elevations have been reported relative to cabozantinib monotherapy; monitor liver enzymes before and periodically throughout treatment (eMC §4.4)
Clinical monograph
How it works
It inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumour growth and angiogenesis, including VEGFR, MET and AXL, thereby reducing tumour proliferation and blood supply.
Prescribing in practice
- Can cause serious haemorrhage, gastrointestinal perforation and fistula, so it should be stopped before planned surgery and in patients with severe bleeding.
- Hypertension, palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia, diarrhoea and wound-healing complications are common and may need dose modification.
- Avoid taking with food and separate from strong CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors as advised.
Monitoring
Monitor blood pressure, liver function, thyroid function and for proteinuria and gastrointestinal or bleeding complications during treatment.
Counselling the patient
- Take on an empty stomach and avoid grapefruit.
- Report severe diarrhoea, painful hands or feet, bleeding or uncontrolled high blood pressure, and tell your team before any surgery or dental procedure.
Evidence & guidelines
Use in advanced renal cell carcinoma is supported by randomised trial evidence and NICE technology appraisal guidance.
Reference: CABOSUN trial (Choueiri et al. NEJM 2016); METEOR trial (Choueiri et al. NEJM 2015); CheckMate 9ER (Choueiri et al. NEJM 2021); NICE TA661; MHRA SPC Cabometyx; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.