Skip to content
ClinCalc Pro
Menu
Oral fluoropyrimidine + thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor Pregnancy: Should not be used during pregnancy unless the clinical condition of the woman requires it. Based on its mechanism of action trifluridine is suspected to cause congenital malformations when given during pregnancy, and animal studies have shown reproductive toxicity. Women of childbearing potential must use highly effective contraception during treatment and for 6 months after stopping (adding a barrier method if using hormonal contraceptives, as their effectiveness may be reduced); men with a partner of childbearing potential must use effective contraception during and for up to 6 months after discontinuation. Breast-feeding should be discontinued during treatment.

Trifluridine with tipiracil (Specialist drug)

Brand names: Lonsurf

Trifluridine with tipiracil is an oral cytotoxic combination used under specialist supervision for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer and metastatic gastric cancer.

Auto-extracted from the source labelling — not yet independently clinician-verified. These values were distilled from the UK SPC (or the US label where noted) but have not had a clinician sign-off. Confirm against the current SmPC before prescribing.

Adult dose

Dose: 35 mg/m² per dose, calculated according to body surface area
Route: Oral — tablets taken with a glass of water within 1 hour after completion of the morning and evening meals
Frequency: Twice daily on Days 1 to 5 and Days 8 to 12 of each 28-day cycle, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity
Max: The dose must not exceed 80 mg per dose (160 mg total daily dose, reached at BSA ≥ 2.30 m²)
eMC SPC for Trifluridine/Tipiracil Servier 15 mg/6.14 mg film-coated tablets (previously known as Lonsurf). Should be prescribed by physicians experienced in the administration of anticancer therapy. The same 35 mg/m² twice-daily starting dose applies as monotherapy or in combination with bevacizumab; when used with bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer the bevacizumab dose is 5 mg/kg body weight once every 2 weeks (refer to the full bevacizumab product information). BSA-BANDED STARTING DOSE (mg twice daily): <1.07 m² = 35 mg; 1.07–1.22 = 40 mg; 1.23–1.37 = 45 mg; 1.38–1.52 = 50 mg; 1.53–1.68 = 55 mg; 1.69–1.83 = 60 mg; 1.84–1.98 = 65 mg; 1.99–2.14 = 70 mg; 2.15–2.29 = 75 mg; ≥2.30 = 80 mg. Missed or held doses must not be made up. DOSE MODIFICATION: a maximum of 3 dose reductions is permitted, in 5 mg/m²/dose steps, to a minimum of 20 mg/m² twice daily (or 15 mg/m² twice daily in severe renal impairment); dose escalation is not permitted after a reduction. Interrupt for neutrophils <0.5 × 10⁹/L or platelets <50 × 10⁹/L and resume when neutrophils ≥1.5 × 10⁹/L and platelets ≥75 × 10⁹/L (the resumption criterion applies to the start of every cycle). Also interrupt for febrile neutropenia, Grade 4 neutropenia (<0.5 × 10⁹/L) or thrombocytopenia (<25 × 10⁹/L) delaying the next cycle by more than 1 week, or Grade 3–4 non-haematological reactions (except Grade 3 nausea/vomiting controlled by antiemetics, or diarrhoea responsive to antidiarrhoeals), resuming one dose level lower once toxicity resolves to Grade 1 or baseline. HEPATIC: no starting-dose adjustment in mild hepatic impairment; administration is NOT recommended in baseline moderate or severe hepatic impairment (total bilirubin >1.5 × ULN). ELDERLY: no starting-dose adjustment at ≥65 years; efficacy and safety data over 75 years are limited. PAEDIATRIC: there is no relevant use of trifluridine/tipiracil in the paediatric population for the indications of metastatic colorectal cancer and metastatic gastric cancer. SOURCE NOTES: eMC §4.5 (interactions) was not captured in the fetched bundle. The openFDA record in this bundle is trifluridine OPHTHALMIC solution — a different product and indication — and was not used.

Dose adjustments

Renal

Mild (CrCl 60–89 mL/min) or moderate (CrCl 30–59 mL/min) renal impairment: no adjustment of the starting dose. Severe renal impairment (CrCl 15–29 mL/min): recommended starting dose 20 mg/m² twice daily, with one reduction to a minimum of 15 mg/m² twice daily permitted. End-stage renal disease (CrCl below 15 mL/min or requiring dialysis): administration is not recommended as no data are available.

Dose auto-extracted from UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) via the eMC; US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients (§4.3)

Side effects

  • Neutropenia (53% on monotherapy, 34% ≥ Grade 3; 69% with bevacizumab, 48% ≥ Grade 3) — bone marrow suppression is one of the two most serious reactions
  • Nausea (31% monotherapy; 33% with bevacizumab)
  • Fatigue (31% monotherapy; 35% with bevacizumab)
  • Anaemia (30%, 11% ≥ Grade 3)
  • Gastrointestinal toxicity — vomiting and diarrhoea; also leukopenia, thrombocytopenia (16% monotherapy, 24% with bevacizumab) and stomatitis; serious infections have been reported, mostly in the context of bone marrow suppression

Clinical monograph

How it works

Trifluridine is incorporated into DNA to disrupt its function, while tipiracil inhibits thymidine phosphorylase to prevent trifluridine breakdown and maintain its levels.

Prescribing in practice

  • Myelosuppression, particularly neutropenia, is the principal toxicity and requires blood count checks before and during each cycle.
  • It is a specialist oral chemotherapy and dosing is by body surface area as detailed in the SPC.
  • Gastrointestinal toxicity and fatigue are common and may require dose modification.

Monitoring

Monitor full blood count before each cycle and as clinically indicated during treatment.

Counselling the patient

  • Report fever or signs of infection promptly during the low-blood-count period.
  • Handle the tablets as directed and follow safe handling advice for cytotoxic medicines.
  • Effective contraception is advised during and after treatment.

Evidence & guidelines

Benefit in refractory colorectal cancer is established by the RECOURSE trial and supported by NICE guidance.

Reference: NICE TA405/TA669; SmPC; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).

Related

Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.