Pentostatin
Brand names: Nipent
Pentostatin is a purine analogue cytotoxic given by intravenous injection, used mainly in hairy cell leukaemia and certain other lymphoid malignancies.
Adult dose
Dose adjustments
Patients with elevated serum creatinine should have their dose withheld and creatinine clearance determined. There are insufficient data to recommend a starting or subsequent dose for patients with impaired renal function (CLcr <60 mL/min); such patients should be treated only when the potential benefit justifies the potential risk. Two patients with impaired renal function (CLcr 50 to 60 mL/min) achieved complete response without unusual adverse events when treated with 2 mg/m2.
Dose auto-extracted from US FDA prescribing information (openFDA / DailyMed) — cross-check; US labelling may differ from UK — not yet clinician-verified. Always confirm against the product SmPC and your local formulary before prescribing.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to pentostatin
Side effects
- Nausea and/or vomiting (63% frontline, 53% interferon-refractory)
- Fever (46%) and chills (19%)
- Rash (43%) and pruritus (21%)
- Fatigue (42%)
- Leukopenia (22% frontline, 60% interferon-refractory); infection including upper respiratory infection
- Cough (20%), myalgia (19%), headache (17%), diarrhoea (17%), abdominal pain (16%), anorexia (13%)
Interactions
- Fludarabine phosphate: combined use is NOT recommended - may be associated with an increased risk of fatal pulmonary toxicity
- Allopurinol: both are associated with skin rashes; combined use did not appear to increase rash incidence in 25 refractory patients, but one patient receiving both experienced a fatal hypersensitivity vasculitis (causal role unclear)
- Vidarabine: pentostatin enhances its effects; combined use may increase adverse reactions associated with each drug and the therapeutic benefit is not established
- Carmustine, etoposide and high-dose cyclophosphamide (bone marrow transplant ablative regimens): acute pulmonary oedema and hypotension leading to death have been reported in the literature
Clinical monograph
How it works
It potently inhibits adenosine deaminase, causing accumulation of deoxyadenosine nucleotides that are toxic to lymphocytes.
Prescribing in practice
- It is profoundly immunosuppressive and myelosuppressive, predisposing to serious and opportunistic infection, so it must be given under specialist haemato-oncology supervision with appropriate prophylaxis.
- Adequate hydration is required around administration to support renal handling, and the dose is reduced in renal impairment.
- Concurrent use with fludarabine has been associated with severe, sometimes fatal pulmonary toxicity and is contraindicated.
Monitoring
Monitor full blood count, renal function, and for signs of infection throughout treatment.
Counselling the patient
- Report fever or any sign of infection without delay, as your immune system will be suppressed.
- Maintain good fluid intake around each treatment as advised by the team.
- Effective contraception is needed during and after treatment.
Evidence & guidelines
Pentostatin is an established option for hairy cell leukaemia supported by long-standing clinical use and trial data.
Reference: BCSH hairy cell leukaemia guideline; ESMO; SmPC; Drug verified in RxNorm (NLM); confirm dosing against the manufacturer SPC (eMC). Verify against your local formulary and current prescribing references before prescribing. The structured dose values shown have been reviewed by a clinician. Monograph status: clinician-reviewed (2026-07-04).
Related
Curated clinical cross-links plus same-class fallbacks.
- SMART Risk Score for Recurrent CVD · Cardiovascular Risk
- SVT Termination Score and Adenosine Dosing · Arrhythmia
- PCSK9 Inhibitor Eligibility Assessment · Lipid Management
- Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAE) -- GI Toxicity Colitis Grading · Oncology-Related GI
- irAE Hepatitis Grading (CTCAE) · Immunotherapy
- DIPSS — Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System for Myelofibrosis · Cancer Prognosis
- Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Presentation · BSH; NICE — NG146
- Tumour Lysis Syndrome · Cairo-Bishop; BSH; NICE — Best Practice
- Major Haemorrhage / Massive Transfusion · BCSH; RCOA; RCEM; RCS — BCSH Guidelines
- Anaemia Investigation · BSH / NICE
- Splenomegaly Workup · BSH; BMJ Best Practice
- Deep Vein Thrombosis Diagnosis and Treatment · NICE CG144 / NICE NG158